keshav singh roll no. 36 CH - IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

CHAPTER-2

             IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

Exercise

Q1- 1. Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?

(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
 Evaporation

(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
 Sublimation

(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
 Filtration or Centrifugation or decantation

(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
 Chromatography

(e) Butter from curd.
 Centrifugation

(f) Oil from water.
 Using separating funnel

(g) Tea leaves from tea.
 Filtration

(h) Iron pins from sand.
 Magnetic separation

(i) Wheat grains from husk.
 Winnowing

(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water.
 Centrifugation

Q2- Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words: solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.

Answer

First, water is taken as a solvent in a saucer pan. This water (solvent) is allowed to boil. During heating, milk and tea leaves are added to the solvent as solutes. They form a solution. Then, the solution is poured through a strainer. The insoluble part of the solution remains on the strainer asresidue. Sugar added to the filtrate, which dissolves in the filtrate. The resulting solution is the required tea.

Q3- . Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below( results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).

(a)  What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?

(b)  Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.

(c)  Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. What salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?

(d)  What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt? 

Answer

(a) Since 62 g of potassium nitrate is dissolved in 100g of water to prepare a saturated solution at 313 K, 31 g of potassium nitrate should be dissolved in 50 g of water to prepare a saturated solution at 313 K.

(b) The amount of potassium chloride that should be dissolved in water to make a saturated solution increases with temperature. Thus, as the solution cools some of the potassium chloride will precipitate out of the solution.

(c) The solubility of the salts at 293 K are:
Potassium nitrate – 32 g
Sodium chloride – 36 g
Potassium chloride – 35 g
Ammonium chloride – 37 g

Ammonium chloride has the highest solubility at 293 K.

(d) The solubility of a salt increases with temperature.

Q4- . Explain the following giving examples:

(a) Saturated solution
(b) Pure substance
(c) Colloid
(d) Suspension

Answer

(a) Solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a particular temperature is known as saturated solution. For example in aqueous solution of sugar no more sugar can be dissolved at room temperature.

(b) A pure substance is a substance consisting of a single type of particles i.e., all constituent particles of the substance have the same chemical properties. For example water, sugar, salt etc.

(c) A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose particles are not as small as solution but they are so small that cannot be seen by naked eye. When a beam of light is passed through a colloid then the path of the light becomes visible. For example milk, smoke etc.

(d) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solids are dispersed in liquids. The solute particles in suspension do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the medium. For example Paints, Muddy water chalk water mixtures etc.

Q5- . Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
Soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea

Answer

Homogeneous mixtures: Soda water, air, vinegar, filtered tea
Heterogeneous mixtures: Wood, soil
Note: Pure air is homogeneous mixture but Polluted air is heterogeneous mixture.

Q6- . How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?

Answer

Take a sample of colourless liquid and put on stove if it starts boiling exactly at 100 ºC then it is pure water. Any other colourless liquid such as vinegar always have different boiling point. Also observe carefully that after some time whole liquid will convert into vapour without leaving any residue.

Q7- . Which of the following materials fall in the category of a "pure substance"?

(a) Ice
(b) Milk
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric Acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury
(g) Brick
(h) Wood
(i) Air

Answer

The following materials fall in the category of a "pure substance":
(a) Ice
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury

Q8- . Identify the solutions among the following mixtures:

(a) Soil
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(d) Coal
(e) Soda water

Answer

The following mixtures are solutions:
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(e) Soda water

Q9- . Which of the following will show the "Tyndall effect"?

(a) Salt solution
(b) Milk
(c) Copper sulphate solution
(d) Starch solution

Answer

Tyndall effect is shown by colloidal solution. Here milk and starch solution are colloids therefore milk and starch solution will show Tyndall effect.

Q10-. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures:

(a) Sodium
(b) Soil
(c) Sugar solution
(d) Silver
(e) Calcium carbonate
(f) Tin
(g) Silicon
(h) Coal
(i) Air
(j) Soap
(k) Methane
(l) Carbon dioxide
(m) Blood

Answer

Elements: Sodium, Silver, Tin and Silicon.

Compounds: Calcium carbonate, Methane and carbon dioxide.

Mixtures: Soil, Sugar, Coal, Air, Soap and Blood.

Q11- . Which of the following are chemical changes?

(a) Growth of a plant
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Mixing of iron fillings and sand
(d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food
(f) Freezing of water
(g) Burning of candle

Answer

The following changes are chemical changes:
(a) Growth of a plant
(b) Rusting of iron
(d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food

(g) Burning of candle