ABHISHEK.SINGH ROLL.NO.25

                                            CHAPTER 5 THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE CELL

QUESTION  AND ANSWER

QUES 1} MAKE A COMPARISON AND WRITE DOWN WAYS IN WHICH PLANT  CELL ARE DIFFERENT ANIMAL CELL?
ANS}THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL ARE-
PLANT CELL
1. PLANT CELL ARE LARGER THAN ANIMAL CELL.
2. PLASTIDS ARE PRESENT.
3. PLANT CELL LACK CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES.
4.PLANT CELL HAVE  MANY SIMPLER UNITS OF GOLGI APPARATUS, CALLED DICTYOSOMES.

ANIMAL CELL
1. ANIMAL CELL ARE GENERALLY SMALL IN SIZE.
2.PLASTIDS ARE ABSENT.
3.ANIMAL CELL HAVE CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES.
4.ANIMAL CELL HAVE SINGLE HIGHLY COMPLEX AND PROMINENT GOLGI APPARATUS.

QUES 2} HOW IS A PROKARYOTIC CELL IS DIFFERENT FROM EUKARYOTIC CELL?
ANS}THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC CELL AND EUKARYOTIC CELL ARE-
PROKARYOTIC CELL
1.SIZE OF A CELL ARE GENERALLY SMALL(1-10 mm)
2.IT CONTAINS SINGLE CHROMOSOME.
3. NUCLEOLUS IS ABSENT.
EUKARYOTIC CELL  
1.SIZE OFCELL ARE GENERALLY LARGE (5-100 mm)
2.IT CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE CHROMOSOME.
3.NUCLEOLUS IS PRESENT.

QUES 3.} WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE RUPTURES OR BREAK DOWN? 
ANS} THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS SELETIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE  OF  THAT MAINTAIN  ITS HOMEOSTASIS, EXAMPLE CONSTANT INTERNAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL. IF IT RUPTURES OR BREAKDOWN THE CONSTANT INTERNAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WILL BE LOST AND IT WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PERFORM ITS BASIC FUNCTION.

QUES 4}  WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THE CELL IF THERE WAS NO GOLGI APPARATUS?
ANS} THERE WOULD NOT BE ANY LYSOSON FOR INTERCELLUAR  DIGESTION AND CLEANING, NOT COMPLEXING OF  MOLECULES, NO EXOCYTOSIS  AND NO FORMATION OF  NEW PLASMA MEMBRANE.

QUES 5}WHICH ORGANELLE IS KNOWN AS POWERHOUSE OF  THE CELL?
ANS}MITOCHONDRION IS KNOWN AS POWERHOUSE OF CELL BECAUSE IT CONTAINS ENZYMES THAT ARE NEEDED FOR STEPWISE OXIDATION OF FOOD STUFFS PRESENT IN THE CELL TO  CO 2 AND WATER. OXIDATION OF FOOD RELEASES  ENERGY WHICH IS USED  TO FORM HIGH ENERGY ATP MOLECULES.

QUES  6] WHERE DO THE LIPIDS AND PROTEINS CONSTITUTING THE CELL MEMBRANE GET SYNTHESIZED?
ANS} PROTEINS ARE SYNTHESIZED IN RIBOSOMES  OF ROUGH ER WHILE   LIPIDS ARE SYNTHESIZED OVER SMOOTH ER.

QUES 7} HOW DOES AN AMOEBA OBTAIN ITS FOOD?
ANS}AMOEBA IS UNICELLUAR ANIMAL. IT ACQUIRES ITS FOOD  THE PROCESS OF ENDOCYTOSIS.  BY PLASMA MEMBRANE OF AMOEBA IS FLEXIBLE WITH ITS HELP AMOEBA ENGULFS FOOD PARTICLES.  THE ENGULFED FOOD PARTICLES PASSES INTO THE BODY OF ORGANISMS AS PHAGOSOME.

QUES 8}  WHAT IS OSMOSIS?
ANS ]OSMOSIS IS DIFFUSION OF WATER FROM THE REGION OF ITS HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO REGION OF ITS  LOWER CONCENTRATION.